Tillandsia are members of the Bromeliad family. They are epiphytes that use their roots to cling harmlessly to surfaces such as trees and rocks for support, instead of using them to absorb nutrients.
Commonly known as air plants, there are two types: mesic and xeric.
The first come from tropical rainforest regions where moisture is abundant, and the second, from dry desert climes.
In our guide to growing air plants, we discuss all you need to know to cultivate these funky, unusual plants.
In this article, we round up 17 of our favorite Tillandsia species, to guide you in building a collection of your own.
Here’s the lineup:
17 Outstanding Tillandsia Species
- Aeranthos
- Albertiana
- Andreana
- Brachycaulos
- Bulbosa
- Butzii
- Capitata
- Caput medusae
- Chiapensis
- Concolor
- Cyanea
- Didisticha
- Funckiana
- Ionantha
- Recurvata
- Usneoides
- Xerographica
Tillandsia of the xeric variety have a fuzzy or silvery look, lighter color, and flattened leaf shape.
This is because they are covered in moisture-absorbing trichomes that help them endure drought conditions in desert climes.
They require the least amount of water, on the order of a light misting twice a week, plus a monthly dunking in water.
Mesic varieties, on the other hand, have darker foliage that is smooth and often curly.
They are accustomed to rainforest humidity, and like to be misted every other day, or dunked weekly. You may also give them a deep 30-minute soaking once a month.
Plants tolerate temperatures between 50 and 90°F.
Take care to gently shake or invert plants to rid them of excess moisture. Don’t use moss as a base, and avoid wetting display surfaces, to avoid rotting.
Both types do well in bright, indirect sunlight. Xerics can tolerate the brightest light, but still benefit from protection from the most intense afternoon rays.
Most varieties generally flower once, dying afterward, to be replaced by emerging offsets or “pups.”
Bloom periods vary from a number of days to several weeks, or even months. Varieties with especially long-lasting flowers are noted below.
And finally, some species are available in small, medium, and large sizes, so take this into account as you plan your collection.
If you want a quick and easy way to get started, instead of choosing individual species, you can purchase an assorted mix of five different Tillandsia plants, available from Terrain.
Tillandsia Collection, Small
Each plant is approximately three to five inches long and one to two inches wide.
Terrain also carries a medium-sized collection, with plants four to 10 inches long and two to three inches wide.
And now, here are 17 of our favorites and the key physical attributes of each individual species:
1. Aeranthos
T. aeranthos is a xeric variety with light green leaves that have a silvery cast.
The foliage is pointed and stiff, extending outward from the center to form a rosette. In the brightest light, it may have a purple hue.
As it grows, the rosette telescopes to heights of six to eight inches.
T. aeranthos
From this pale and unassuming foliage, stunning blossoms rise on elongated stems, or inflorescences.
With pink-purple bracts and a ring of blue-purple petals, they resemble tiny fuchsia flowers.
Find T. aeranthos plants now from Amazon.
2. Albertiana
You’ll recognize that T. albertiana is a mesic type by its smooth, dark, fleshy leaves. They have a yellow-green hue that may darken toward a purple shade.
A key identifying characteristic is its “distichous” foliage pattern. Like that of a fir tree, the leaves are arranged in a repeating pattern of opposing rows.
Mature heights range from two to four inches.
T. albertiana
The flowers of this variety have three bright red petals and may last a week.
Find T. albertiana now from Amazon.
3. Andreana
Like a small tuft of wispy grass, mesic T. andreana has narrow, fleshy leaves that are pale green and needle-like.
A delicate beauty, it dislikes temperature fluctuations more than most.
Heights range from four to six inches.
T. andreana
The reward for catering to its care is a blush of red followed by the emergence of an upright coral-red flower.
Find T. andreana plants now from Amazon.
4. Brachycaulos
The flat green leaves of xeric T. brachycaulos are a bright mid-green, and resemble those that emerge from the top of a pineapple.
The foliage may have a purple or red cast, and grows in a telescoping fashion to heights of eight to 10 inches.
T. brachycaulos
Upon blooming, the foliage blushes magenta-red, and erect purple blossoms appear.
Find T. brachycaulos plants now from Amazon.
5. Bulbosa
Mesic T. bulbosa has fleshy, dark green leaves that resemble the squiggly tentacles of an octopus.
They protrude from a base that resembles a layered onion, and may reach heights of 8 to 18 inches.
When flowering, the upper leaves turn red, and from their center, a small-statured red bract emerges that contains a purple-petaled blossom.
An unusual feature of this plant is that in the wild, it exists in symbiosis with ants that make their home in its hollow bulb-like stem bases.
T. bulbosa
Keep this in mind if you give your plants outdoor time in the summer months. They won’t hurt the plant, but may invade your home.
Find T. bulbosa plants now from Amazon.
6. Butzii
Resembling a little squid, the distinguishing feature of mesic T. butzii is the mottling on its tentacle-like green leaves.
The foliage originates in a rounded bulb-like base and may grow up to 10 inches long.
Like T. bulbosa, it may host ants if placed outdoors.
T. butzii
Red inflorescences open to purple flowers.
Find T. butzii plants now from Amazon.
7. Capitata
This type may resemble T. brachycaulos, with its spider plant-like leaves, but two differentiating characteristics are that this type is xeric, with the classic silvery cast trichomes make, and it blushes peach-pink just before blooming.
There are a number of T. capitata varieties available, ranging from green to purple. Heights may exceed 10 inches.
T. capitata
At flowering time, the center leaves blush peach before a purple flower emerges from the rosette center.
Find T. capitata plants now from Amazon.
8. Caput medusae
A xeric variety, T. caput medusae has silver-gray trichomes on snake-like winding green leaves that resemble the hair of the mythical Medusa.
Growth is telescoping with laterally spreading foliage, and heights range from six to eight inches.
During flowering, you’ll see a pink blush at the center of the plant first, followed by red/yellow bracts that open to purple/white blossoms.
T. caput medusae
Like T. bulbosa, ants may make their home in the base of this plant, so be aware of this if you give it time outdoors.
Find T. caput medusae plants now from Amazon.
9. Chiapensis
T. chiapensis is a xeric species with rosettes of arching to curly, trichome-covered light-green foliage that may blush to purple.
Heights vary widely, from two to 12 inches.
When in bloom, pale pink quill-like spikes with purple flowers rise from the center.
10. Concolor
Xeric T. concolor boasts light green to yellow trichome-covered leaves that resemble those of a spider plant. They are noteworthy for their firmness.
Heights are between seven and nine inches.
At blooming time, the foliage blushes red and green quill-like spikes rise from the center to reveal magenta blooms.
T. concolor
More adaptable than some, it can handle bright light to shade.
Find T. concolor plants from the Air Plant Shop via Amazon.
11. Cyanea
T. cyanea is a mesic variety with a cluster of medium green, spider-like leaves.
Heights range from eight to 10 inches.
Plants produce a hot pink quill-like spike with three-petaled purple-blue flowers on its edges.
T. cyanea
This plant has roots that are able to take up nourishment, and unlike other species, it also thrives in potting soil.
Find T. cyanea plants now from Amazon.
12. Didisticha
T. didisticha is a xeric type with stiff, arching gray-green foliage in the shape of a loose rosette.
This is a large variety that can reach 12 inches tall.
The flower is a salmon-colored inflorescence with tiny white blossoms.
13. Funckiana
T. funckiana is a xeric type that looks like a cluster of light green balsam fir needles coated with a light dusting of snow.
Soft to the touch, it may wind or stretch upright, to a length of about eight inches.
Its flower is a long red tubular blossom that gracefully emerges at the tip of the narrow leaves.
14. Ionantha
The rosettes of xeric T. ionantha start out silver-green and change in shade to take on red tones at bloom time.
This type has a petite stature, reaching mature heights of one to three inches.
T. ionantha
When the tubular purple blossoms burst from the rosette’s red center, the effect of green, red, and purple creates a miniature horticultural tapestry.
Find T. ionantha plants now from Amazon.
15. Recurvata
T. recurvata, aka small ball moss, is a rounded xeric type with narrow silver-green leaves that resemble the twigs in an intricate bird’s nest.
In the brightest light, the foliage may have a reddish cast.
Mature heights reach six to 12 inches.
T. recurvata
The flower is a rather nondescript spike of green to red, on a green inflorescence.
Find T. recurvata plants now from Amazon.
16. Usneoides
Also known as Spanish moss, T. usneoides is a xeric variety that is unique in that it grows in a downward direction, clinging and hanging from host surfaces in the wild.
Like a mass of tangled gray-green hair, foliage may exceed 20 feet in length.
T. usneoides
The flowers are brown and nondescript, but they have a pleasant nighttime fragrance.
Find T. usneoides now from Amazon.
17. Xerographica
With its trichome-covered spring green foliage, xeric T. xerographica is one of the largest, sturdiest, longest living air plants.
Its wide leaves are deeply curled in a compact, rounded form.
It’s a pleasant home companion that can withstand both direct and indirect sunlight, sometimes growing as large as three feet wide and twenty-four inches tall over a lifetime of twenty years or more.
Flowering consists of a green inflorescence up to 15 inches tall, with red and green coloration.
Get Creative with Collectible Tillandsia
Tillandsia are very versatile plants. In USDA Hardiness Zones 8 to 11, they grow well outdoors, and in all zones, they make easy-care houseplants.
In addition, with a little dab of floral glue, available from Amazon, they make eclectic wearable accessories and gift-wrapping decorations. And while they don’t require soil, they do need water, so keep that in mind as you imagine the possibilities.
And finally, plants grown indoors don’t get the nutrients they would get if they were in their natural habitat. You can provide supplemental nutrition with fertilizer.
A product you may like is this air plant fertilizer from Cute Farms via Amazon. Mix it per package instructions, for a monthly dunk or soak.
Choose your favorites and get started. There are so many to collect, I know you’re going to have fun!
If you enjoy indoor gardening, you’ll want to read these guides next:
- Add These 5 Nontoxic Houseplants to Your Home Decor ASAP
- How to Grow Citrus Indoors
- Terrariums: Mini-Landscapes for any Decor
