Seed Germination Steps:
1. Imbibition:
* The seed absorbs water, causing it to swell and soften the seed coat.
* This triggers metabolic activity within the seed.
2. Activation of Enzymes:
* Water activates enzymes within the seed, which break down stored food reserves (starch, proteins, fats) into simpler sugars.
* These sugars provide energy for the developing embryo.
3. Radicle Emergence:
* The radicle (embryonic root) emerges from the seed, seeking water and anchoring the plant.
* This is the first visible sign of germination.
4. Plumule Emergence:
* The plumule (embryonic shoot) emerges from the seed, seeking light.
* It will develop into the stem and leaves.
5. Cotyledon Development:
* In some plants, the cotyledons (seed leaves) emerge and provide initial nourishment for the seedling.
* In other plants, the cotyledons remain underground.
6. Photosynthesis:
* Once the leaves develop, the plant starts producing its own food through photosynthesis.
* The seedling becomes independent and starts its growth phase.
Factors Affecting Germination:
* Temperature: Each seed species has an optimal temperature range for germination.
* Moisture: Seeds need sufficient moisture for imbibition and enzymatic activity.
* Oxygen: Seeds require oxygen for respiration.
* Light: Some seeds require light for germination, while others are inhibited by it.
Note: The specific steps and timing of germination can vary depending on the plant species.
