Determining melon ripeness depends on the type you are growing. This cantaloupe will detach itself from the vine when ripe. The Melon and Squash Cradle ensures more even ripening and less rot.
Ripe cantaloupes have a sweet, musky aroma.
One of the best things about growing your own melons, is that you can pick them at the peak of flavor, when the sugars are most concentrated. Unlike many other types of fruit, melons get softer once they have been picked, but they do not get any sweeter. The trick to harvesting melons is figuring out when that moment of peak flavor occurs, because each type of melon displays different sorts of clues to its ripeness. Here's how to tell when your melons are just right:
Cantaloupes and Muskmelons
In most cases, when cantaloupes and muskmelons are ripe, they detach themselves from the vine, leaving a dish-shaped scar on the fruit where the stem was attached. The fruit will also develop a sweet, musky aroma when ripe. This scent may be hard to detect in the cool of the morning, so if possible, wait until later in the day to harvest. The rind should be straw-colored, but may still have some green showing.
A perfectly ripe cantaloupe
Honeydews
These green-fleshed melons don't slip from the vine or develop a strong aroma, so ripeness is a bit more difficult to detect. When ripe, the color of the rind should be a creamy yellow rather than green, and the rind will become smooth and waxy rather than dusky. If you press on the bottom of a ripe honeydew (the opposite end from where it's attached to the vine), it should feel slightly soft or at least a little springy. In the warmth of a sunny day, you may also be able to smell that a honeydew is ripe. When you decide the time has come, cut the melon from the vine with a scissors or a pruning shears.
Watermelons
Like honeydews, these melons don't have a scent or slip from the vine when they're ripe, but they do provide several clues that tell you they're ready to eat. Look for the small leaf and stem-like curl that occur near where the melon is attached to the vine. When watermelons are ripe, this leaf and tendril will turn brown and dry. In many cases, the part of the watermelon that's resting on the ground will also turn yellow.
Other tips for growing great melons:
- Melons grow best and develop the sweetest flavor when the weather is warm, sunny, and relatively dry. If you're in a challenging melon-growing climate, be sure to plant varieties that are particularly suited to your growing region. Seeds can be started indoors before the soil warms up, or can be seeded directly in the garden when the weather has settled. If you do start seeds indoors, do it no more than 4-5 weeks before they'll be transplanted outdoors.
- Amend the soil in the planting area with compost and then create a 12” x 12” mound that's about 6" higher than the surrounding soil. Cover the planting area with black plastic to intensify the heat. Cut slits in the plastic and plant your seeds or transplants. If spring weather is cool or windy, cover the beds with a floating row cover, using wire hoops to keep the cover from abrading the leaves. Remove the covers when the plants are in flower to permit pollination.
- Melons need plenty of moisture in the early part of the season. Check the soil moisture beneath the plastic to make sure the soil doesn't dry out. Once melons approach the ripening phase, they need hot, dry, sunny weather to intensify their quality and flavor. It's best to minimize supplemental watering during this time.
Related Article: Learn how to grow melons in the Vegetable Encyclopedia.
