GENERAL INFORMATION
Soybean called as golden beans is belongs to legume family. It is native of East Asia. It is a rich source of Protein also excellent source of fibre. Oil extracted from soybean contain small amount of saturated fat. In Punjab, it plays an important role in crop diversification.
CLIMATE
Temperature : 18-38°C Rainfall :30-60cm Sowing Temperature :25-38°C Harvesting Temperature :18-25°C
SOIL
It gives good result, when grown on well drained, fertile loamy soils. pH of 6 to 7.5 is favourable for optimum yield of soybean. Water logged, saline/alkaline soils are not suitable for its cultivation. Low temperature affect crop severely.
POPULAR VARIETIES
SL 525, SL 958, SL 744
LAND PREPARATION
Prepared field by giving two to three ploughings followed by planking.
Time of sowing
First fortnight of June is best time for sowing Soybean.
Spacing
While sowing use row to row spacing of 45 cm and plant to plant spacing of 4-7 cm.
Sowing Depth
Sow seeds at depth of 2.5-5 cm.
Method of sowing
Sow seeds with help of seed drill
Seed Rate
Use seed rate of 25-30 kg for sowing in one acre land.
Seed Treatment
To protect seeds from soil borne diseases, treat seeds with Thiram or Captan@3 gm per kg of seeds.
Fertilizers
Apply FYM or well decomposed cowdung@4 ton/acre. Also apply [email protected] kg and Phosphorus@32 kg in form of Urea@28kg and SSP@200 kg per acre at time of sowing.
To obtain good growth and optimum yield, take spray of Urea@3 kg/150 ltr of water on 60th and 75th day after sowing.
WEED CONTROL
To keep field weed free, two hoeing are required, give first hoeing 20 days after sowing and second hoeing 40 days after sowing. To control weed chemically, after sowing, within two days, take spray of Pendimethalin@800 ml/acre in 100-200 ltrs of water.
IRRIGATION
Overall crop required three to four irrigation. Irrigation at time of pod filling stage is necessary. Water stress at this period will affect yield drastically. Apply irrigation depending upon rainfall conditions. No irrigation required in good rainfall conditions.
PLANT PROTECTION
White Fly
For white fly control, take spray of Thiamethoxam@40 gm or Triazophos@300 ml/acre. If necessary take second spray 10 days after first spray.
Tobacco Caterpillar
If infestation is observed, take spray of Acephate 57SP@800 gm/acre or Chlorpyriphos 20EC@ 1.5 ltr/acre. If necessary take second spray 10 days after first spray.
Hairy Caterpillar
To control hairy caterpillar pick caterpillar manually and destroyed by crushing or putting in kerosene water when infestation is low. In case of high infestation, take spray of Quinalphos@300 ml or Dichlorvos@200 ml/acre.
Blister beetle
They cause damage at flowering stage. They feed on flowers, buds thus prevent grain formation. If infestation is observed, take spray of Indoxacarb 14.5SC@200 ml or Acephate 75SC@800 gm/acre. Carry out spraying in evening hours and if necessary take second spray 10 days after first spray.
Disease and their control
Yellow Mosaic Virus
It is spread due to white fly. Irregular yellow, green patches are observed on leaves. Pods not developed on infected plants.
Grow yellow mosaic virus resistant varieties. For white fly control, take spray of Thiamethoxam@40 gm, Triazophos@ 400 ml/acre. If necessary take second spray 10 days after first spray.
HARVESTING
Pods become dry and leaves changes their color to yellow and fall of, it is sign of crop is ready for harvesting. Harvest the crop with sickle or by hand. After harvesting, carry out threshing operation.
POST-HARVEST
After drying, carry out proper cleaning of seeds. Remove small size seeds, damaged seeds and crop stalks.
